Maintained wiring, by contrast, runs the emergency lamp continuously from a permanent live, with the battery circuit activating only on mains failure. Do not specify a non-maintained driver for a maintained circuit: the unit will not illuminate during normal operation.<\/p>\n
Supplier Qualification<\/h3>\n
Request these items before order confirmation:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Test reports to EN 60598-2-22<\/strong> or the relevant local standard (UL 924 for North America, AS\/NZS 2293 for Australia\/New Zealand). Ask for the report number and issuing laboratory; verify scope covers the exact model and battery configuration.<\/li>\n
- Photometric data<\/strong> showing emergency lumen output at 1 hour, 2 hours, and end of rated duration. Lumen maintenance below 80% at end-of-discharge indicates undersized battery or excessive driver loss.<\/li>\n
- Battery UN 38.3 test summary<\/strong> for lithium chemistries. Air freight and many sea carriers require this; IATA and IMDG regulations apply to packed batteries over 100Wh or standalone shipments.<\/li>\n
- Declared cycle life<\/strong> at 25\u00b0C ambient with 80% depth of discharge. A supplier quoting 2000 cycles for Li-ion 18650 at 100% DoD is overstating; 500 cycles at full discharge is realistic.<\/li>\n
- Wiring diagram<\/strong> showing switched live, neutral, earth, and optional DALI control lines. Confirm the diagram matches your site’s fire-alarm interface requirements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Market-Specific Configuration Notes<\/h3>\n
\n\n
\n \nMarket<\/th>\n Mains Voltage\/Frequency<\/th>\n Expected Conformity Mark<\/th>\n Typical Duration Requirement<\/th>\n Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n UK<\/td>\n 230V 50Hz<\/td>\n UKCA or CE pending transition<\/td>\n 3 hours per BS 5266-1<\/td>\n Non-maintained standard for offices, warehouses; maintained for corridors with dimmed normal lighting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n EU<\/td>\n 220-240V 50Hz<\/td>\n CE<\/td>\n 1-3 hours per national annex to EN 1838<\/td>\n Germany often requires 3 hours; France accepts 1 hour for some occupancies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Middle East<\/td>\n 220-240V 50Hz or 415V 3-phase<\/td>\n CE or SASO depending on country<\/td>\n 90 minutes to 2 hours<\/td>\n High ambient temperatures favour LiFePO4; specify +55\u00b0C rating<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Southeast Asia<\/td>\n 220V 50Hz<\/td>\n SNI, PSB, or CE for imports<\/td>\n 90 minutes common<\/td>\n Humidity and salt corrosion require IP65 minimum for coastal sites<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Africa<\/td>\n 220-240V 50Hz<\/td>\n CE accepted in many markets; local homologation varies<\/td>\n 90 minutes to 3 hours<\/td>\n Grid instability favours self-test units that flag pre-failure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Latin America<\/td>\n 110-220V 50\/60Hz<\/td>\n INMETRO for Brazil; CE elsewhere<\/td>\n 90 minutes typical<\/td>\n Voltage range 85-265V covers most countries<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Ordering Practicalities<\/h3>\n
FOB Shenzhen pricing for non-maintained emergency drivers ranges approximately USD 8-18 for 3-10W units with LiFePO4 1500mAh, and USD 22-45 for 20-40W high-bay drivers with 3000mAh LiFePO4. Complete non-maintained exit signs or twin-spot luminaires run USD 15-35 depending on housing material and IP rating.<\/p>\n
MOQ typically stands at 500 pieces for custom-labelled drivers or 200 pieces for standard stock models. Sample lead time is 5-7 days; production lead time 25-35 days for orders under 2000 pieces. Carton packing is 20-50 units per carton, 10-12 cartons per pallet; request lithium battery handling labels and MSDS for air shipments.<\/p>\n
Types and Configurations of Non Maintained Emergency Lighting<\/h2>\n
\n\n
\n \nType or Class<\/th>\n Typical Rating or Output<\/th>\n Duration or Runtime<\/th>\n Best Suited For<\/th>\n Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Reduced Output LED Emergency Driver (10\u201330% Mode)<\/td>\n 3W\u201310W emergency; 300\u2013800 lm<\/td>\n 90 min or 180 min<\/td>\n LED panels, LED tubes, linear fixtures in offices and retail<\/td>\n Constant current output 25\u201380V DC at 120\u2013350 mA; LiFePO4 3.2V 1500\u20133000 mAh pack; 6\u20138 hour charge; 500\u2013800 cycles<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Full Power Emergency Driver (100% Mode)<\/td>\n Matches normal luminaire output; 10W\u201360W<\/td>\n 90 min or 180 min<\/td>\n LED high bays, industrial battens, corridors requiring full task lighting<\/td>\n Output 25\u2013240V DC at 300\u2013700 mA; Li-ion 18650 7.4V 2200\u20134400 mAh or LiFePO4 6.4V 3000\u20136000 mAh; 8\u201310 hour charge; changeover relay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Self-Test Non-Maintained Exit Sign<\/td>\n 8\u201325 cd\/m\u00b2 face brightness; 2W\u20135W internal LED<\/td>\n 90 min or 180 min<\/td>\n Public buildings, healthcare, education; UK and EU projects<\/td>\n NiCd 3.6V 900\u20131800 mAh or LiFePO4 3.2V 1200 mAh; EN 62034 automatic test cycle; manual test key override<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Non-Maintained Emergency Twin Spotlight<\/td>\n 2 \u00d7 3W LED heads; 400\u2013600 lm per head<\/td>\n 90 min or 180 min<\/td>\n Warehouses, loading bays, plant rooms, outdoor canopies<\/td>\n IP65 common; IK08; LiFePO4 6.4V 2200 mAh; adjustable heads; non-maintained wiring only<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n DALI-Integrated Emergency Module<\/td>\n 10\u201350% or 100% selectable; 5W\u201325W<\/td>\n 90 min, 120 min, 180 min selectable<\/td>\n Smart buildings, DALI-2 lighting networks; spec-driven projects<\/td>\n DALI Type 8 or Type 20; self-test reporting to BMS; EN 62034; Li-ion 7.4V 2600\u20135200 mAh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n High-Density SMD LED Emergency Strip (IP65)<\/td>\n 14.4\u201319.2 W\/m; 1400\u20132000 lm\/m; 120 LEDs\/m<\/td>\n 90 min at reduced 30% output<\/td>\n Architectural coves, retail displays, wayfinding accents<\/td>\n 24V DC working; 50 mm cut; 10 mm PCB, 2 oz copper; 3000 K or 4000 K; CRI 80+; LiFePO4 3.2V 3000 mAh driver pack<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Reduced Output LED Emergency Driver<\/h3>\n
This is the default choice for luminaire OEMs converting standard LED panels, LED tubes, or linear battens to emergency capability without redesigning the thermal management. The driver delivers 10\u201330% of normal luminous flux\u2014typically 300\u2013800 lumens from a 30W\u201340W host fixture\u2014through a constant current window of 25\u201380V DC at 120\u2013350 mA. A LiFePO4 3.2V 1500\u20133000 mAh pack achieves 90 minutes at 3W\u20135W or 180 minutes at reduced load, with 6\u20138 hour recharge and 500\u2013800 cycle life. Electrical contractors and lighting wholesalers order these in bulk for retrofit programmes because the module fits inside the original gear tray. What it cannot do: illuminate a space to full task levels during evacuation; BS 5266-1 and EN 1838 still require adequate ambient illumination from other sources, and the reduced output may not satisfy corridors or open-plan areas without supplementary units.<\/p>\n
Full Power Emergency Driver<\/h3>\n
Full power drivers maintain 100% of normal lumen output during mains failure, making them essential for industrial LED high bays, long corridors, and areas where reduced light creates a hazard. The inverter stage must match the host driver’s output window\u2014often 25\u2013240V DC at 300\u2013700 mA\u2014necessitating larger Li-ion 18650 7.4V 2200\u20134400 mAh or LiFePO4 6.4V 3000\u20136000 mAh packs, an 8\u201310 hour charge cycle, and a changeover relay rated for the full load current. M&E consultants and facility managers specify these for manufacturing plants and distribution centres. The trade-off is cost, physical size, and battery weight; a 60W full-power module may double the gear compartment depth and require reinforced mounting. It cannot be squeezed into slimline panels or shallow battens without thermal and spatial compromise.<\/p>\n
Self-Test Non-Maintained Exit Sign<\/h3>\n
These units combine a pictogram face with an internal battery and automatic test logic per EN 62034, cycling functional and duration tests without manual intervention. Face brightness of 8\u201325 cd\/m\u00b2 meets EN 1838 viewing distance requirements. Battery chemistry varies by price tier: NiCd 3.6V 900\u20131800 mAh remains common in budget specifications despite environmental restrictions in some EU jurisdictions, while LiFePO4 3.2V 1200 mAh offers longer cycle life and easier transport. A manual test key overrides the automatic cycle for commissioning and inspector verification. Facility managers and building operators in the UK, EU, and Middle East favour self-test for compliance record-keeping. What it cannot do: provide general area illumination; it is strictly egress marking, and the 2W\u20135W internal LED does not contribute to lux levels on the floor.<\/p>\n
Non-Maintained Emergency Twin Spotlight<\/h3>\n
Twin spotlights deliver directional emergency lighting from two adjustable 3W LED heads, typically 400\u2013600 lumens each, powered by a central LiFePO4 6.4V 2200 mAh pack. IP65 and IK08 ratings suit warehouses, loading bays, and plant rooms where dust, moisture, and mechanical impact are present. The non-maintained wiring configuration\u2014live and switched live from a dedicated key switch or contactor\u2014ensures the heads illuminate only during mains failure. Industrial procurement officers and electrical contractors in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America specify these for cost-sensitive projects. Limitation: the narrow beam distribution requires careful aiming; EN 1838 anti-panic and escape-route uniformity may need additional linear or panel emergency units to fill shadows.<\/p>\n
DALI-Integrated Emergency Module<\/h3>\n
DALI-integrated modules embed Type 8 (emergency) or Type 20 (input device) functionality, reporting battery status, test results, and fault flags to the building management system over the DALI bus. Output is selectable\u201410\u201350% for energy conservation or 100% for critical tasks\u2014across 5W\u201325W ranges with 90, 120, or 180 minute duration settings. Li-ion 7.4V 2600\u20135200 mAh packs support the higher communication quiescent current. Lighting designers and specifiers in smart-building sectors (Northern Europe, UAE commercial towers) demand these for centralised compliance dashboards. The constraint: the host luminaire must be DALI-2 compatible, the installation requires certified DALI bus power and addressing discipline, and a failed DALI bus can mask emergency fault reporting even if the local unit functions correctly.<\/p>\n
High-Density SMD LED Emergency Strip<\/h3>\n
Emergency strip lighting extends wayfinding into architectural coves, under-canopy accents, and retail display niches. A 24V DC working voltage, 50 mm cut length, and 10 mm PCB with 2 oz copper support 120 SMD LEDs per metre at 14.4\u201319.2 W\/m, delivering 1400\u20132000 lm\/m in normal operation. During emergency, a matched LiFePO4 3.2V 3000 mAh driver pack reduces output to approximately 30% for 90 minutes. IP65 extrusion suits damp locations; 3000 K or 4000 K options with CRI 80+ satisfy basic colour rendering. Lighting designers and luminaire OEMs buy these for bespoke accent-emergency combinations. What it cannot do: achieve the 1 lux minimum on the centreline of an escape route per EN 1838 without supplementary calculation and dense spacing; the narrow PCB and modest lumen package are decorative first, life-safety second.<\/p>\n
\n![\"IP65](\"https:\/\/www.jialinghang.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/HM-TWS03-IP65-Emergency-dual-head-light.jpg\")
Non Maintained Emergency Lighting assembled and function tested before shipment<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n Specifications and How to Read Them<\/h2>\n
\n\n
\n \nParameter<\/th>\n Entry Level<\/th>\n Mid Range<\/th>\n High Specification<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Input voltage<\/td>\n AC 220\u2013240V 50Hz<\/td>\n AC 100\u2013277V 50\/60Hz<\/td>\n AC 85\u2013265V 50\/60Hz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Driven load<\/td>\n 3\u201310W<\/td>\n 10\u201325W<\/td>\n 25\u201360W<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n DC output window<\/td>\n 9\u201342V 150mA<\/td>\n 9\u201360V 300mA<\/td>\n 20\u201380V 500mA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Emergency output<\/td>\n 150 lm (10% of normal)<\/td>\n 500 lm (25% of normal)<\/td>\n 1500 lm (50% of normal)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Emergency duration<\/td>\n 90 minutes<\/td>\n 3 hours<\/td>\n 3 hours<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Battery chemistry<\/td>\n NiCd 3.6V 1200mAh<\/td>\n Li-ion 18650 7.4V 2200mAh<\/td>\n LiFePO4 12.8V 3000mAh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Charge time<\/td>\n 24 hours<\/td>\n 6\u20138 hours<\/td>\n 4\u20136 hours<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Cycle life<\/td>\n 300\u2013500 cycles<\/td>\n 500\u2013800 cycles<\/td>\n 1500\u20132000 cycles<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Test facility<\/td>\n Manual test key<\/td>\n Self-test per EN 62034<\/td>\n Self-test + DALI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Wiring mode<\/td>\n Non-maintained<\/td>\n Non-maintained or maintained<\/td>\n Non-maintained or maintained<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n IP\/IK rating<\/td>\n IP20 \/ IK02<\/td>\n IP65 \/ IK07<\/td>\n IP66 \/ IK08<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Ambient temperature<\/td>\n 0\u00b0C to +45\u00b0C<\/td>\n -10\u00b0C to +50\u00b0C<\/td>\n -20\u00b0C to +55\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Dimensions<\/td>\n 150 \u00d7 50 \u00d7 30 mm<\/td>\n 200 \u00d7 65 \u00d7 40 mm<\/td>\n 280 \u00d7 90 \u00d7 55 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Mounting<\/td>\n Internal clip<\/td>\n Internal clip or bracket<\/td>\n Internal clip, bracket, or remote<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Reading the Input Voltage and Frequency Line<\/h3>\n
The input voltage range tells you which markets the driver will survive. A unit marked 220\u2013240V 50Hz only suits the UK, Europe, Australia and most of Southeast Asia. Wider 100\u2013277V 50\/60Hz coverage handles Japan (100V), North America (120V) and commercial sites with 277V distribution. The frequency matters for transformer-based chargers; switch-mode designs tolerate either 50 or 60 Hz. Check that your host fixture’s ballast or LED driver draws within the stated input window, not just the nominal national voltage.<\/p>\n
Reading the Driven Load and DC Output<\/h3>\n
“Driven load in watts” is the maximum LED power the emergency inverter can support during mains failure. The DC output voltage window (for example, 9\u201342V) must overlap the forward-voltage range of your LED module at its emergency current. A constant-current output of 150mA, 300mA or 500mA sets the lumen fraction; higher current means brighter emergency light but shorter battery life if the capacity is fixed. Confirm the inverter is true constant-current, not resistive-drop, or lumen maintenance will drift as the battery discharges.<\/p>\n
Reading Emergency Output in Lumens and Percentage<\/h3>\n
EN 1838 and BS 5266-1 set minimum illuminance on escape routes: 1 lux on the centreline, 0.5 lux over the full width. The datasheet “emergency output in lumens” is the source; the percentage of normal output tells you how much the host fixture dims. A 25% figure is common for open-area anti-panic lighting, while 10% may suffice for small exit signs or twin spots with dedicated optics. Ask the supplier for the photometric file or at least the beam spread; raw lumens without distribution data do not prove compliance.<\/p>\n
Reading Emergency Duration<\/h3>\n
Ninety minutes is the legal minimum across the UK, EU and most Commonwealth codes. Three hours appears in healthcare, assembly buildings and some Middle East specifications. The duration must be achieved at end of battery life, not when new; EN 60598-2-22 requires the declared duration after the rated cycle life has elapsed. Verify whether the stated minutes are at full output or include a degradation tail.<\/p>\n
Reading Battery Chemistry Voltage and Capacity<\/h3>\n
NiCd 3.6V packs are the legacy choice: tolerant of temperature extremes, but heavy, cadmium-restricted under RoHS, and needing 24-hour charge after deep discharge. Li-ion 18650 cells at 7.4V or 11.1V offer higher energy density and 6\u20138 hour recharge, yet require protection circuits and UN 38.3 transport certification. LiFePO4 12.8V or 25.6V packs carry the highest cycle life (1500\u20132000), fastest recharge (4\u20136 hours), and safest thermal profile, but occupy more volume per watt-hour and cost more upfront. Match the nominal voltage to your LED string; a 12.8V pack driving a 36V LED module will need a boost inverter, adding cost and loss.<\/p>\n
Reading Charge Time and Cycle Life<\/h3>\n
Charge time determines how soon the fitting is compliant after a full discharge test. A 24-hour NiCd recharge is acceptable in permanently staffed buildings; 6 hours or less matters for 24\/7 operations. Cycle life is quoted at standard temperature (20\u00b0C); halve it for every 10\u00b0C above ambient if the battery sits near the ceiling. Ask the supplier for the test method: IEC 62034 defines a cycle as 90 minutes discharge plus recharge to 80% capacity, not full.<\/p>\n
Reading Test Facility<\/h3>\n
Manual test key is the minimum: a switch or fuse bypass that simulates mains failure. Self-test per EN 62034 automates duration and function checks, typically every 30 days with a brief discharge and annual full-duration test; results display via LED status or audible warning. DALI integration allows remote polling, centralised logging, and fault reporting to the building management system. DALI emergency devices need a DALI-2 input on the host luminaire or a separate DALI bus; confirm compatibility before ordering.<\/p>\n
Reading Maintained Versus Non-Maintained Wiring<\/h3>\n
Non-maintained wiring energises the LED only during mains failure. The live and switched live to the emergency driver are both on the same permanent phase; the changeover relay opens when voltage drops. Maintained wiring runs the emergency LED during normal operation as well, either from the same driver or via a separate switched circuit; the relay or electronic switchover transfers to battery on power loss. Maintained mode suits spaces where the emergency lamp is the only source in that location and must be lit during occupancy. Non-maintained is simpler, cooler-running, and avoids the relay as a failure point. Some drivers offer switchable modes; the datasheet should state whether the change is by wiring or DIP switch.<\/p>\n
Reading IP and IK Rating<\/h3>\n
IP20 suits internal mounting in clean ceiling voids or office luminaires. IP65 with sealed cable glands is needed for car parks, tunnels, food-processing and external soffits. IP66 adds hose-down protection for heavy industry. IK02 (2 joules) is adequate for concealed gear trays; IK07 (7 joules) or IK08 (8 joules) resists vandalism in public circulation areas. The rating applies to the complete assembled emergency pack, not just the driver enclosure; verify the battery compartment and test-point cover carry the same figure.<\/p>\n
Reading Ambient Temperature Range<\/h3>\n
Lithium chemistries lose capacity below 0\u00b0C and age faster above 45\u00b0C; NiCd performs to -20\u00b0C but suffers memory effect. If the host fixture is a sealed LED high bay in a Middle East warehouse, internal temperatures can reach 70\u00b0C; specify an emergency pack with remote battery placement or derate the duration. Hymark’s high-specification range allows -20\u00b0C to +55\u00b0C ambient with LiFePO4; entry-level NiCd is limited to 0\u00b0C to +45\u00b0C.<\/p>\n
Dimensions Mounting and Host Fixture Matching<\/h3>\n
Measure the gear tray or ceiling-void depth before ordering. A 280 \u00d7 90 \u00d7 55 mm high-specification pack will not fit a slim 600 \u00d7 600 mm LED panel without external mounting. Internal clips suit T-bar or plasterboard ceilings; brackets allow wall or pendant mounting for twin spots. For OEM luminaire builds, request the mechanical drawing to confirm PCB stand-off height and cable-entry positions relative to your host housing.<\/p>\n
Trade Terms and Export Practicalities<\/h3>\n
FOB<\/strong> (Free On Board) means the supplier delivers to the port of departure, cleared for export; ocean freight and insurance are the buyer’s responsibility. CIF<\/strong> (Cost Insurance Freight) adds freight and marine insurance to the named destination port; the buyer handles unloading and onward carriage. CFR<\/strong> (Cost and Freight) is identical to CIF but without insurance. EXW<\/strong> (Ex Works) places all transport cost and risk on the buyer from the factory gate; useful only if you have a China-based consolidator. L\/C<\/strong> (Letter of Credit) protects both parties through bank intermediation but adds 1\u20133% cost and documentary complexity. T\/T<\/strong> (Telegraphic Transfer) in 30% deposit, 70% against copy of bill of lading is standard for established relationships; first orders often demand L\/C or 100% advance.<\/p>\n
The HS code<\/strong> for LED emergency lighting and drivers is 9405.10 or 8504.40 depending on whether customs classifies the shipment as luminaire or power supply. Incorrect classification delays clearance; ask the supplier to confirm the code they will declare.<\/p>\n
CE marking<\/strong> is mandatory for EU and EEA customs entry; the importer holds legal responsibility, so request the supplier’s technical construction file and declaration of conformity for your records. UKCA marking<\/strong> replaced CE for Great Britain (England, Scotland, Wales) after Brexit; Northern Ireland accepts CE or UKNI. Do not assume a CE certificate covers UKCA; the test house must be UK-approved.<\/p>\n
UN 38.3<\/strong> is the lithium battery transport safety test report required by IATA for air freight and IMDG for sea freight. The report covers altitude simulation, thermal cycling, vibration, shock, external short circuit, crush, and forced discharge. Without it, airlines and ports will refuse shipment. Ask for the UN 38.3 test summary, not the full laboratory report, and confirm the battery cell model number in the summary matches the cells in your order.<\/p>\n
Packing list<\/strong> should itemise quantity per carton, gross and net weight, carton dimensions, and pallet configuration. Standard export cartons for emergency packs run 10\u201320 units, 12\u201315 kg gross, 400 \u00d7 300 \u00d7 250 mm; 64 cartons per 1.2 \u00d7 1.0 m pallet. Certificate of origin<\/strong> (Form A or EUR.1) may be required for duty preference under trade agreements; Hymark can provide China-origin certificates through the local chamber of commerce.<\/p>\n
Supplier Qualification Checklist<\/h3>\n
Before placing volume orders, verify: the battery UN 38.3 summary is current and cell-specific; the CE or UKCA technical file lists the correct EN standards (EN 60598-2-22, EN 1838, EN 62034 as applicable); the self-test firmware version is documented for future replacement compatibility; and the changeover relay or electronic switchover has a rated electrical life in operations, not just a mechanical figure. Request a sample with the exact battery chemistry and capacity you intend to order; substituting a higher-cycle cell for the sample and a lower-cycle cell in production is a known risk in emergency lighting supply chains.<\/p>\n
\n![\"High-Brightness](\"https:\/\/www.jialinghang.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/HM-TWS02-emergency-lights-for-commercial-buildings.jpg\")
SMT and assembly stage of the Non Maintained Emergency Lighting production line<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n Non Maintained Emergency Lighting Price and What Drives It<\/h2>\n
\n\n
\n \nClass<\/th>\n Typical Rating or Output<\/th>\n Duration or Runtime<\/th>\n Indicative FOB USD<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Entry bulk non-maintained exit sign<\/td>\n 8-15 lm face illumination, single-sided<\/td>\n 90 min<\/td>\n 4.50 \u2013 8.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Standard non-maintained LED bulkhead<\/td>\n 150-300 lm emergency, ~10-20 % of normal 1500 lm fitting<\/td>\n 90 min<\/td>\n 9.00 \u2013 16.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Performance non-maintained LED bulkhead<\/td>\n 400-600 lm emergency, ~25-35 % of normal 2000 lm fitting<\/td>\n 2 h<\/td>\n 14.00 \u2013 24.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Non-maintained twin-spot<\/td>\n 2 \u00d7 300-500 lm heads, 600-1000 lm total<\/td>\n 3 h<\/td>\n 18.00 \u2013 32.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Non-maintained emergency driver for LED high bay<\/td>\n 10-25 W emergency output, 1000-2500 lm at 50-100 % of normal<\/td>\n 90 min \u2013 3 h<\/td>\n 22.00 \u2013 45.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Non-maintained emergency driver for panel\/linear<\/td>\n 5-15 W emergency output, 500-1500 lm at 10-30 % of normal<\/td>\n 90 min \u2013 3 h<\/td>\n 16.00 \u2013 35.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Prices are indicative FOB Shenzhen for carton-quantity orders and vary with cell chemistry, approval status and annual volume. They do not include sea freight, insurance, duty or local VAT.<\/p>\n
Battery Cells as the Dominant Line Item<\/h3>\n
The battery pack typically accounts for 25-40 % of the ex-factory cost in a non-maintained emergency fitting. Three chemistries dominate export production:<\/p>\n
\n\n
\n \nChemistry<\/th>\n Nominal Voltage<\/th>\n Typical Capacity Range<\/th>\n Cycle Life<\/th>\n Weight vs Energy<\/th>\n Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n NiCd 3-5 cell stick<\/td>\n 3.6-6.0 V<\/td>\n 600-1500 mAh<\/td>\n 300-500 cycles<\/td>\n Heavy, robust<\/td>\n Declining in EU due to cadmium restrictions; still specified in some Middle East and African tenders<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Li-ion 18650 cylindrical<\/td>\n 3.7 V per cell, 2S or 3S packs<\/td>\n 2000-3500 mAh<\/td>\n 500-800 cycles<\/td>\n Moderate<\/td>\n UN 38.3 test report required for air freight; IATA PI 965 Section IA\/IB or Section II governs transport mode<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n LiFePO4 prismatic or cylindrical<\/td>\n 3.2 V per cell, 4S common<\/td>\n 1500-3000 mAh<\/td>\n 1000-2000 cycles<\/td>\n Heavier per Wh than Li-ion, thermally stable<\/td>\n Preferred for 3-hour duration and high-temperature ambients; lower fire risk supports freight flexibility<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n A 90-minute non-maintained bulkhead drawing 3-5 W emergency load needs roughly 7.5-12.5 Wh delivered. Accounting for inverter efficiency of 80-85 % and end-of-discharge voltage protection, the pack stores 10-18 Wh. That translates to:<\/p>\n
- \n
- NiCd 4.8 V 1500 mAh: 7.2 Wh stored; tight for 3-hour runs, marginal at low temperatures<\/li>\n
- Li-ion 7.4 V 2200 mAh (2S1P): 16.3 Wh stored; comfortable for 90 minutes, adequate for 2 hours at moderate load<\/li>\n
- LiFePO4 12.8 V 1500 mAh (4S1P): 19.2 Wh stored; supports 3-hour duration or higher lumen maintenance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The cheapest quotes usually substitute a 1000-1200 mAh cell or accept a lower emergency output percentage\u20145 % instead of 10 % of normal wattage\u2014to make the smaller pack work. EN 1838 and BS 5266-1 set minimum illuminance on the escape route, not percentage of normal output, so a 5 % emergency level may still comply if the host luminaire was oversized for normal operation. Buyers should verify the supplier’s photometric file or ask for the emergency lumen figure directly, not just the percentage.<\/p>\n
Driver Electronics and Changeover Relay<\/h3>\n
The emergency driver and inverter stage represent 15-25 % of material cost. A non-maintained circuit requires:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Mains detection circuit monitoring AC 85-265V or 220-240V<\/li>\n
- Changeover relay or solid-state switch isolating the emergency LED string from the normal driver<\/li>\n
- Constant-current inverter output, typically DC 9-60 V at 150-700 mA depending on LED configuration<\/li>\n
- Charge management IC matched to the cell chemistry: 0.1C to 0.3C charge rate, trickle or float termination for NiCd; CC-CV for Li-ion and LiFePO4 with temperature-qualified charge suspend<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Self-test and DALI test facilities add a microcontroller and communication interface, raising driver cost by 15-30 %. EN 62034 defines the automatic test cycle durations and fault reporting intervals. A manual test key is cheaper but relies on building staff discipline; facilities managers in the UK and Europe increasingly specify self-test to reduce labour and demonstrate compliance to insurers.<\/p>\n
Enclosure Hardware and Thermal Design<\/h3>\n
The housing, diffuser, gaskets and mounting hardware run 10-18 % of cost. IP ratings matter for the application, not just the marketing:<\/p>\n
\n\n
\n \nIP Rating<\/th>\n Suitable Environment<\/th>\n Typical Construction Cost Impact<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n IP20<\/td>\n Dry interior corridors, ceiling voids<\/td>\n Baseline<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n IP44<\/td>\n General interior, occasional condensation<\/td>\n +8-12 % for gasketed joints<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n IP65<\/td>\n Dusty industrial, external canopies, wash-down areas<\/td>\n +20-35 % for sealed lens, cable glands, corrosion-resistant hardware<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n IK08 or IK10 impact resistance, required in some transport and public-sector specifications, adds polycarbonate or thick aluminium castings. Ambient temperature range also drives material selection: standard ABS or polycarbonate handles 0 \u00b0C to +50 \u00b0C; extended-range fittings for Middle East roof voids or cold-storage entries need -20 \u00b0C to +60 \u00b0C rated cells and driver capacitors, with cost premiums of 10-20 %.<\/p>\n
Third-Party Approval and Amortised Certification<\/h3>\n
Testing and certification typically form the second-largest cost block after the battery, especially for smaller batch sizes. A supplier holding valid test reports to EN 60598-2-22, EN 61347 (for LED control gear) and the applicable national deviations can amortise that investment over thousands of units. A buyer requesting a new variant\u2014different LED colour temperature, custom legend face, or revised battery configuration\u2014triggers partial re-testing.<\/p>\n
What buyers should request:<\/p>\n
\n\n
\n \nDocument<\/th>\n What It Demonstrates<\/th>\n Validity Check<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n EN 60598-2-22 test report<\/td>\n Construction, endurance, temperature, fault conditions<\/td>\n Report number traceable to accredited laboratory; covers the exact model or a declared product family<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Battery UN 38.3 test summary<\/td>\n Lithium cell transport safety<\/td>\n Matches the cell manufacturer and model in the product<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n CB certificate to IEC 61347-2-7 (emergency lighting units) or IEC 61347-2-13 (LED drivers)<\/td>\n International baseline for national certification<\/td>\n Active status on IECEE CB database<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n UL 924 or AS\/NZS 2293 test data<\/td>\n Market-specific compliance for North America or Australia\/New Zealand<\/td>\n Scope matches the intended product variant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n A supplier quoting 30 % below competitors without current reports is likely offering an untested design or a report that does not cover the battery chemistry offered. Customs clearance and local inspector acceptance depend on the mark matching the documentation; a CE label without supporting technical file risks detention in Europe and penalties under the UK Product Safety and Metrology Regulations.<\/p>\n
Assembly Labour and Export Logistics<\/h3>\n
Assembly labour in Guangdong runs 8-15 % of product cost for emergency fittings, higher than standard LED luminaires because of the additional wiring, battery insertion and functional testing steps. Each unit requires charge-state verification and often a discharge cycle on sample basis.<\/p>\n
Export packing adds 2-4 %: double-wall cartons, 10-20 units per carton, palletised to 1.0-1.2 m height for container loading. Lithium battery restrictions shape freight mode:<\/p>\n
\n\n
\n \nFreight Mode<\/th>\n Restriction<\/th>\n Cost Impact<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Sea freight (IMDG Code)<\/td>\n Li-ion and LiFePO4 classified as Class 9; limited quantities or full dangerous goods declaration depending on watt-hour rating<\/td>\n Baseline; UN-certified packaging and shipper’s declaration required<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Air freight (IATA DGR)<\/td>\n Stricter watt-hour limits per package; Section II limited to 35 kg net lithium content per package for standalone cells<\/td>\n 3-8 \u00d7 sea freight cost; often prohibitive for bulky emergency bulkheads<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Courier (UPS\/FedEx\/DHL)<\/td>\n Accepts Section II shipments with UN 38.3 and 1.2 m drop test documentation<\/td>\n Highest per-kilogram rate; viable only for samples and urgent spares<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Insurance at 110 % of CIF value, destination duty (typically 3-8 % for lighting in EU\/UK under HS 9405.10), VAT at 20 % in UK\/EU or 5 % in Gulf Cooperation Council states, and clearance broker fees of 150-400 USD per consignment complete the landed cost. Buyers comparing FOB quotes should model these through to site, not just the container price.<\/p>\n
Why the Cheapest Quote Differs<\/h3>\n
\n\n
\n \nCost Reduction Tactic<\/th>\n What the Buyer Receives<\/th>\n Compliance Risk<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n 1000 mAh NiCd or 1200 mAh Li-ion instead of rated capacity<\/td>\n Shorter real duration at low temperatures; faster cycle degradation<\/td>\n Fails to meet 90-minute or 3-hour requirement under EN 1838 at end of battery life<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 5 % emergency output vs. 10 % in photometric design<\/td>\n Dim escape route lighting; requires closer spacing or higher normal-output host fitting<\/td>\n Inspector may measure lux on floor and find non-compliance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n No third-party testing; supplier self-declares CE<\/td>\n Product untested for fault conditions, thermal runaway, endurance<\/td>\n Liability exposure; insurance void; customs detention<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Non-maintained wiring only, no maintained option<\/td>\n Cannot be wired for maintained operation even if site conditions change<\/td>\n Rework cost if designer revises specification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Standard 0 \u00b0C to +50 \u00b0C rating<\/td>\n Battery capacity collapses in cold; charger over-volts in heat<\/td>\n Premature failure, warranty dispute<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Five-Year Running Cost Comparison<\/h3>\n
Assume 100 non-maintained LED bulkheads in a warehouse, operated 12 hours\/day normal, tested monthly.<\/p>\n
\n\n
\n \nScenario<\/th>\n Entry Quote<\/th>\n Mid-Range Quote<\/th>\n Performance Quote<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Unit FOB<\/td>\n 7.00<\/td>\n 13.00<\/td>\n 22.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Battery chemistry<\/td>\n NiCd 4.8 V 1200 mAh<\/td>\n Li-ion 7.4 V 2200 mAh<\/td>\n LiFePO4 12.8 V 1500 mAh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Cycle life<\/td>\n 350 cycles<\/td>\n 650 cycles<\/td>\n 1500 cycles<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Annual deep discharge events (test + real)<\/td>\n 15<\/td>\n 15<\/td>\n 15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Battery replacement cycle<\/td>\n Year 2 and Year 4<\/td>\n Year 4<\/td>\n None in 5 years<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Replacement battery pack cost (landed)<\/td>\n 4.50<\/td>\n 6.50<\/td>\n 8.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Labour per replacement: 0.5 hour at 35 USD\/hour<\/td>\n 17.50<\/td>\n 17.50<\/td>\n 17.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Routine testing: manual key, 0.25 hour \u00d7 12\/month \u00d7 100 units at 30 USD\/hour<\/td>\n 9,000 \/ 5 years<\/td>\n \u2014<\/td>\n \u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Routine testing: self-test\/DALI automated, annual verification 2 hours at 30 USD\/hour<\/td>\n \u2014<\/td>\n 60 \/ 5 years<\/td>\n 60 \/ 5 years<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Expected failure rate (conservative)<\/td>\n 8 % per year<\/td>\n 4 % per year<\/td>\n 2 % per year<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Spare unit and call-out cost per failure<\/td>\n 45.00<\/td>\n 55.00<\/td>\n 65.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 5-year failure cost<\/td>\n 180.00<\/td>\n 110.00<\/td>\n 65.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 5-year total per 100 units<\/strong><\/td>\n ~12,600<\/strong><\/td>\n ~8,200<\/strong><\/td>\n ~7,500<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n The entry quote saves 6,000 USD on purchase but costs 5,400 USD more to run over five years, assuming labour rates typical in Western Europe. In markets with lower technician wages, the crossover extends; in markets with strict liability or high downtime costs, the reliability premium pays back faster. The self-test\/DALI capability in the mid-range and performance tiers eliminates most of the manual testing labour, which often exceeds the hardware price difference in the first two years alone.<\/p>\n
Supplier Qualification Checklist<\/h3>\n
Buyers evaluating non-maintained emergency lighting sources should verify:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Battery traceability<\/strong>: Cell manufacturer, model, UN 38.3 status, and whether the supplier assembles packs in-house or sources complete packs from a third party<\/li>\n
- Inverter output window<\/strong>: DC voltage range and mA capability against the host fixture’s LED string voltage; a mismatch requires a different driver or a custom resistor dissipating energy as heat<\/li>\n
- Approval coverage<\/strong>: Whether the test report explicitly covers the non-maintained wiring configuration, the battery chemistry offered, and the IP\/IK rating quoted<\/li>\n
- Change flexibility<\/strong>: Lead time and MOQ for switching from non-maintained to maintained wiring within the same product family; some suppliers share a single chassis with a wiring variant, others treat them as separate SKUs with longer delivery<\/li>\n
- Spare parts commitment<\/strong>: Availability of replacement battery packs and driver modules at year 3 and year 5, documented in the supply agreement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Hymark produces non-maintained emergency drivers and luminaires across the output and duration ranges above. Technical datasheets specify the exact battery cell model, inverter output window and approval documentation status for each variant. Samples carry the same cell and driver as production batches; buyers can run discharge duration verification on arrival before placing volume orders.<\/p>\n
\n![\"High-Output](\"https:\/\/www.jialinghang.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/HM-TWS01-CE-twin-spot-emergency-light.jpg\")
Finished Non Maintained Emergency Lighting packed in export cartons ready for palletising<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n Industry Applications for Non Maintained Emergency Lighting<\/h2>\n
Commercial Offices and Fit-Outs<\/h3>\n
\n\n
\n \nSector<\/th>\n Typical Installation<\/th>\n Recommended Specification<\/th>\n Why This Product Fits<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Commercial offices and fit-outs<\/td>\n Recessed LED panels, surface-mounted linear battens, downlights<\/td>\n Non-maintained driver, AC 220-240V input, DC 36-42V 350mA output, 3W emergency load, LiFePO4 3.2V 1500mAh, 90 min duration, self-test<\/td>\n Host luminaires run normal hours; emergency only activates during power failure, avoiding unnecessary battery cycling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Office fit-outs typically specify 90 minutes<\/strong> emergency duration to meet BS 5266-1 or local variants of EN 1838. The emergency output is often 10% of normal lumen output<\/strong>\u2014for a 4000 lm LED panel, that translates to roughly 400 lm<\/strong> in emergency mode. Buyers should verify the non-maintained driver delivers a constant current output stable at DC 36-42V, 350mA<\/strong> to match the LED module’s forward voltage. LiFePO4 packs at 3.2V 1500mAh<\/strong> suit this load because they reach full charge in 4-6 hours<\/strong> and tolerate 800-1200 cycles<\/strong> at 25\u00b0C ambient. Self-test circuitry per EN 62034 reduces manual testing labour in multi-floor installations. The driver must include a changeover relay that isolates the normal supply completely during emergency operation.<\/p>\n
Hospitals and Clinics<\/h3>\n
Healthcare facilities demand 3-hour duration<\/strong> for patient areas and 2-hour duration<\/strong> for circulation zones under BS 5266-1 and NFPA 101. Non-maintained emergency drivers here typically run 5W to 10W<\/strong> LED loads at DC 25-40V, 500mA<\/strong> output, producing 600-1200 lm<\/strong> emergency output from host fixtures rated 6000-12000 lm<\/strong> normal. Battery capacity scales accordingly: Li-ion 18650 7.4V 2600mAh<\/strong> or LiFePO4 6.4V 3000mAh<\/strong> configurations are common. Charge time extends to 6-8 hours<\/strong> for these larger packs. The IP rating must reach IP44 minimum<\/strong> for ward ceilings, with IP65<\/strong> for treatment rooms requiring disinfection protocols. DALI test facility is preferred for integration with building management systems. Buyers should request supplier documentation showing the battery pack’s UN 38.3 test summary for air freight, as lithium cells face IATA Section II or Section IB shipping restrictions depending on watt-hour rating.<\/p>\n
Schools and Universities<\/h3>\n
Educational buildings balance cost against duty cycle. Non-maintained drivers suit classrooms and lecture halls where normal lighting operates during occupied hours only. Standard specification: AC 85-265V<\/strong> wide-range input for compatibility with legacy electrical infrastructure, DC 24-36V, 300mA<\/strong> output driving 3W<\/strong> emergency load from LED panels or linear battens. NiCd 3.6V 1200mAh<\/strong> remains common in budget specifications despite heavier weight and 500-700 cycle<\/strong> life; LiFePO4 3.2V 1500mAh<\/strong> costs 15-25% more but delivers 800-1200 cycles<\/strong> and eliminates cadmium disposal obligations under EU Battery Directive obligations. Emergency duration is 90 minutes<\/strong> per EN 1838 for escape routes, with 10% minimum<\/strong> of normal output\u2014typically 300-500 lm<\/strong> from a 3000-5000 lm host fixture. Manual test key suffices for smaller installations; self-test becomes economical above 50 luminaires<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
Warehouses and Logistics Centres<\/h3>\n
High-bay environments expose emergency drivers to 35-45\u00b0C ambient<\/strong> at ceiling level, with dust accumulation demanding IP65<\/strong> minimum and IK08<\/strong> mechanical protection. Non-maintained drivers for 80-200W<\/strong> LED high bays require DC 180-260V, 300mA<\/strong> output windows to match the series-parallel LED configuration, with emergency output at 10%<\/strong> producing 800-2000 lm<\/strong> for 90 minutes<\/strong> or 2 hours<\/strong>. Battery packs scale to LiFePO4 12.8V 4500mAh<\/strong> or Li-ion 14.8V 5200mAh<\/strong>, with charge time 8-10 hours<\/strong> and cycle life 600-1000 cycles<\/strong> at 25\u00b0C (derated 20% per 10\u00b0C above). The constant current inverter must maintain output within \u00b15%<\/strong> across the battery discharge curve to prevent LED flicker as voltage sags. Buyers in Middle Eastern markets should confirm 50\u00b0C ambient rating<\/strong>; standard 25\u00b0C-rated batteries degrade prematurely in unconditioned steel structures.<\/p>\n
Car Parks and Stairwells<\/h3>\n
These transition spaces combine intermittent occupancy with harsh environmental conditions. Non-maintained bulkheads and twin-spotlights dominate, with specifications at IP65<\/strong> for covered decks and IP66<\/strong> for open-air ramps. Emergency output: 300-600 lm<\/strong> per head from 5W<\/strong> LED modules, DC 12-24V, 400mA<\/strong> output. Battery: NiCd 4.8V 1500mAh<\/strong> for cold-temperature resilience (operating to -10\u00b0C<\/strong>) or LiFePO4 6.4V 2000mAh<\/strong> for cycle life. Duration is 2 hours<\/strong> minimum for covered car parks under BS 5266-1, 3 hours<\/strong> for basement levels. The changeover relay must switch within 0.5 seconds<\/strong> to avoid disorientation during power interruption. Self-test with fault signalling to central BMS is standard for structures exceeding 200 spaces<\/strong>. IK10 rating prevents vandal damage in public access stairwells.<\/p>\n
Hotels and Residential Common Areas<\/h3>\n
Guest room corridors and apartment building escape routes use non-maintained downlights and slimline bulkheads where aesthetic discretion matters. Specification: AC 220-240V<\/strong> input, DC 9-12V, 250mA<\/strong> output for compact 2W<\/strong> emergency modules, producing 200-300 lm<\/strong> at 10%<\/strong> of normal output from 2000-3000 lm<\/strong> host downlights. LiFePO4 3.2V 1000mAh<\/strong> packs suffice for 90 minute<\/strong> duration, with 4 hour<\/strong> charge time and 1000+ cycle<\/strong> life at shallow discharge. The maintained versus non-maintained wiring distinction is critical here: non-maintained units require separate switched live<\/strong> to the normal driver and unswitched permanent live<\/strong> to the emergency module, complicating two-gang switching layouts. AS\/NZS 2293 markets require 120 minute<\/strong> duration and 8% minimum<\/strong> normal output in emergency mode. DALI test facility adds 15-20%<\/strong> to driver cost but enables automated compliance logging for building managers.<\/p>\n
Ordering and Importing Step by Step<\/h2>\n
Three mistakes ruin more non-maintained emergency lighting shipments than any other issue. Each has a one-line fix.<\/p>\n
\n\n
\n \nMistake<\/th>\n Fix<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Output window does not match the host fixture’s LED driver<\/td>\n Record the fixture’s nominal LED voltage and current before you order; demand the emergency driver output window sits comfortably inside that envelope<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Duration or illuminance below local code minimum<\/td>\n State the required duration\u201490 min, 120 min or 180 min\u2014and the minimum emergency lux level on the escape route in the purchase order, not in a side email<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Missing lithium battery or conformity documentation at customs<\/td>\n Require UN 38.3 test summary, MSDS and the conformity assessment file reference in the proforma invoice before payment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Checklist Before You Order<\/h3>\n
1. Record the host fixture type, wattage and driver architecture<\/strong><\/p>\n
Non-maintained emergency drivers sit dormant until mains failure, then must strike the fixture’s LED module instantly. The inverter’s output window must envelop the LED operating point, not merely touch it.<\/p>\n
\n\n
\n \nFixture parameter<\/th>\n What to record<\/th>\n Typical Hymark non-maintained driver match<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n LED forward voltage at operating current<\/td>\n 24V\u201342V, 36V\u201348V, 150V\u2013260V, etc.<\/td>\n 24\u201342V DC at 150\u2013350mA; 150\u2013260V DC at 100\u2013200mA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Normal driver output current<\/td>\n 250mA, 350mA, 500mA, 700mA<\/td>\n Inverter rated for same or adjacent current; constant current topology preferred<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Normal power<\/td>\n 10W, 20W, 40W, 60W<\/td>\n Emergency output typically 3W, 5W, 8W, 10W (25\u201350% of normal)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Driver architecture<\/td>\n Integrated linear, switched-mode external, 0\u201310V dimmable, DALI<\/td>\n Non-maintained kit needs changeover relay or switched live; verify compatibility with dimming if maintained option added later<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n If the fixture uses a multi-channel driver or tunable white, the emergency kit must know which channel to energise. Single-channel non-maintained kits default to the warmest or highest-CRI channel; specify if you need different behaviour.<\/p>\n
2. Confirm required duration and emergency output level<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n\n
\n \nApplication<\/th>\n Typical duration<\/th>\n Minimum emergency output<\/th>\n Battery chemistry<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Open-plan office, UK<\/td>\n 3 hours to BS 5266-1<\/td>\n 10% of normal or 50 lm minimum on escape route<\/td>\n LiFePO4 6.4V 3000mAh or Li-ion 18650 7.4V 2600mAh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n High-bay warehouse, Europe<\/td>\n 90 minutes to EN 1838<\/td>\n 10% of normal, minimum 0.5 lux at floor<\/td>\n LiFePO4 12.8V 4500mAh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Corridor, Middle East<\/td>\n 90 minutes to NFPA 101 local adoption<\/td>\n 50% of normal or 1.0 ft-candle<\/td>\n NiCd 3.6V 4000mAh (ambient >45\u00b0C)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Retail, Southeast Asia<\/td>\n 120 minutes to local code<\/td>\n 30% of normal<\/td>\n Li-ion 18650 7.4V 5200mAh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Emergency output in lumens, not just watts, determines compliance. A 40W high-bay at 150 lm\/W delivers 6000 lm normally; 10% emergency output is 600 lm. Verify the supplier states lumens at the emergency power fraction, not the fixture’s normal luminous efficacy.<\/p>\n
3. Choose maintained or non-maintained wiring<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n\n
\n \n<\/th>\n Non-maintained<\/th>\n Maintained<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Wiring<\/td>\n Switched live to normal driver; emergency kit energises LED module directly on mains failure<\/td>\n Permanent live to emergency kit; kit runs LED module continuously via changeover relay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Energy use<\/td>\n Zero parasitic load to LED module in standby; small trickle to battery<\/td>\n Full emergency wattage drawn constantly; relay switching losses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Lamp life<\/td>\n LED module sees only emergency hours<\/td>\n LED module ages at full rate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Cost<\/td>\n Lower component count, lower price<\/td>\n Higher; requires relay and permanent live<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Best for<\/td>\n LED panels, high bays, linear fixtures where normal driver is efficient and reliable<\/td>\n Fluorescent conversions, critical task areas requiring instant reassurance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Non-maintained is the default for new LED fixtures with reliable normal drivers. If the host fixture serves a space where occupants need visible proof of emergency function\u2014hospitals, control rooms\u2014maintained may be mandated despite the cost.<\/p>\n
4. Decide manual test key versus self-test versus DALI<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n\n
\n \nTest facility<\/th>\n Wiring complexity<\/th>\n Compliance burden<\/th>\n Best for<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Manual test key<\/td>\n Two-pole switch on luminaire or remote<\/td>\n Monthly and annual tests require site visit, logbook<\/td>\n Small installations, budget constraints, sites with dedicated maintenance staff<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Self-test to EN 62034<\/td>\n Same wiring as manual; internal timer and relay<\/td>\n Automatic monthly function test, annual duration test; fault indication via LED or buzzer<\/td>\n Most commercial installations; reduces maintenance contract cost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n DALI self-test<\/td>\n DALI bus plus mains; addressed communication<\/td>\n Central reporting, automatic logging, integration with BMS<\/td>\n Large campuses, smart buildings, sites with DALI infrastructure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Self-test adds 15\u201325% to kit cost but typically pays back within two years through avoided labour. DALI requires addressed commissioning; confirm the supplier provides a DALI application controller or detailed commissioning guide.<\/p>\n
5. Confirm mains voltage and frequency<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n\n
\n \nMarket<\/th>\n Nominal voltage<\/th>\n Frequency<\/th>\n Tolerance expected in driver<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n UK, Ireland<\/td>\n 230V AC<\/td>\n 50Hz<\/td>\n 220\u2013240V<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Continental Europe<\/td>\n 230V AC<\/td>\n 50Hz<\/td>\n 220\u2013240V<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Middle East (GCC)<\/td>\n 230V AC<\/td>\n 50Hz or 60Hz<\/td>\n 220\u2013240V; verify 60Hz rating<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n North America<\/td>\n 120V AC or 277V AC<\/td>\n 60Hz<\/td>\n 100\u2013277V wide-range preferred<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Southeast Asia<\/td>\n 220V AC or 230V AC<\/td>\n 50Hz<\/td>\n 220\u2013240V<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Africa (most)<\/td>\n 220V AC or 230V AC<\/td>\n 50Hz<\/td>\n 220\u2013240V; wide-range 85\u2013265V for grid instability<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Latin America<\/td>\n 127V AC or 220V AC<\/td>\n 60Hz<\/td>\n 100\u2013277V wide-range essential<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Wide-input drivers (AC 85\u2013265V, 50\/60Hz) cost 10\u201315% more but eliminate voltage-specific stock and protect against grid excursions. If ordering for multiple markets, standardise on wide-range.<\/p>\n
6. Confirm the conformity mark and test report the destination market needs<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n\n
\n \nMarket<\/th>\n Mark or standard typically required<\/th>\n What to request from supplier<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n UK<\/td>\n UKCA or CE (transitional); BS EN 60598-2-22<\/td>\n Test report to BS EN 60598-2-22 and BS EN 1838; declaration of conformity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n EU, EEA<\/td>\n CE; EN 60598-2-22, EN 1838, EN 62034<\/td>\n EU-type examination or module B+C; technical file reference<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n UAE, Saudi Arabia<\/td>\n ECAS, SASO IECEE, or G-Mark<\/td>\n CB test certificate to IEC 60598-2-22; national deviation testing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Australia, New Zealand<\/td>\n RCM; AS\/NZS 60598-2-22<\/td>\n Test report to AS\/NZS 60598-2-22 and AS\/NZS 2293<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n North America<\/td>\n UL 924, CSA C22.2 No. 141<\/td>\n UL 924 test report; field evaluation if individual luminaire not listed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Africa, Southeast Asia, Latin America<\/td>\n Varies; often accepts CE or CB<\/td>\n CB test certificate; EN 60598-2-22 report; local importer to confirm acceptance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Never assume a CE mark on the carton satisfies a customs inspector in Lagos or Riyadh. Request the specific conformity assessment documents in the purchase order, with file numbers, before production begins.<\/p>\n
7. Check IP and ambient temperature for the mounting position<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n\n
\n \nMounting environment<\/th>\n Minimum IP<\/th>\n Ambient range<\/th>\n Battery implication<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Clean office ceiling<\/td>\n IP20<\/td>\n 0\u00b0C to +25\u00b0C<\/td>\n Li-ion 18650 acceptable; LiFePO4 for longer cycle life<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Car park, covered<\/td>\n IP54<\/td>\n -10\u00b0C to +35\u00b0C<\/td>\n LiFePO4 preferred; NiCd if frequent sub-zero<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Exterior canopy, Middle East<\/td>\n IP65<\/td>\n -20\u00b0C to +50\u00b0C<\/td>\n LiFePO4 mandatory; derate capacity 20% at +50\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Tunnel, industrial<\/td>\n IP65, IK08<\/td>\n -20\u00b0C to +40\u00b0C<\/td>\n LiFePO4; verify charge voltage temperature compensation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Cold store<\/td>\n IP65<\/td>\n -25\u00b0C to +10\u00b0C<\/td>\n NiCd or special low-temperature LiFePO4; standard Li-ion will not charge below 0\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n LiFePO4 cells tolerate +60\u00b0C ambient and 2000+ cycles but cost 40% more than Li-ion 18650. Li-ion 18650 delivers higher energy density for compact kits but degrades above +45\u00b0C and below 0\u00b0C. NiCd survives temperature extremes and abuse but carries cadmium content with disposal restrictions in the EU.<\/p>\n
8. Agree MOQ and sample approval before mass production<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n\n
\n \nItem<\/th>\n Typical range<\/th>\n Negotiation point<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n MOQ<\/td>\n 500\u20132000 units per SKU<\/td>\n Lower for standard kits; higher for custom output windows or private-label packaging<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Sample lead time<\/td>\n 7\u201314 days<\/td>\n Request two samples: one for electrical validation, one for photometric test<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Production lead time<\/td>\n 30\u201345 days<\/td>\n 60 days if custom battery pack or bespoke firmware<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Sample cost<\/td>\n $50\u2013$150 per kit<\/td>\n Credited against first mass order above MOQ<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Approve the sample against a signed specification sheet: output voltage window, mA set point, battery V and mAh, charge indicator behaviour, test key response, and label artwork. Photograph the sample’s PCB layout and battery pack for later batch comparison.<\/p>\n
9. Require batch duration test records<\/strong><\/p>\n
EN 62034 and BS 5266-1 assume type testing, but prudent buyers demand batch-level verification. Request:<\/p>\n
- \n
- 100% function test (mains failure simulation, 5-second strike)<\/li>\n
- 10% duration test (full 90 min, 120 min or 180 min discharge) with recorded lumen output at start and end<\/li>\n
- Battery open-circuit voltage and internal resistance spot checks at 5% sampling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Records should be dated, traceable to production batch by serial number, and available within 48 hours of request. Reject batches where duration test failures exceed 1% or where end-of-discharge lumens fall below 80% of rated emergency output.<\/p>\n
Checklist Before Shipment<\/h3>\n
10. Arrange lithium battery shipping documents and the right freight mode<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n\n
\n \nRequirement<\/th>\n Document or action<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n UN 38.3 test summary<\/td>\n Mandatory for all lithium cells >20Wh or batteries >100Wh; request copy with supplier’s UN 38.3 test lab reference<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n MSDS (SDS)<\/td>\n Section 14 transport information; UN number 3480 (lithium ion) or 3090 (lithium metal)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n IATA\/IMDG packing instruction<\/td>\n PI 965 Section IA\/IB for standalone; PI 966 for with equipment; PI 967 for in equipment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n State of charge<\/td>\n Maximum 30% for air freight (IATA); often 50\u201360% for sea freight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Package marking<\/td>\n Class 9 lithium battery label; cargo aircraft only if exceeding passenger limits<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Freight mode<\/td>\n Sea freight for >500kg battery mass; air freight for urgent samples or small MOQ with correct documentation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Hymark’s LiFePO4 packs at 6.4V 3000mAh (19.2Wh) and 12.8V 4500mAh (57.6Wh) fall under PI 967 when installed in equipment. Standalone battery shipments require PI 965 compliance and stricter limits. Clarify in the order whether batteries ship loose, assembled in drivers, or installed in complete luminaires.<\/p>\n
11. Confirm carton and pallet packing and labelling<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n\n
\n \nItem<\/th>\n Specification<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Inner carton<\/td>\n Individual kit in anti-static bag; foam insert preventing battery terminal contact<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Master carton<\/td>\n 20\u201350 kits; gross weight under 15kg for manual handling; barcode label with SKU, batch, quantity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Pallet<\/td>\n 800\u00d71200mm Euro pallet or 1000\u00d71200mm; 500\u2013800 kits per pallet depending on kit size<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Pallet label<\/td>\n Consignee, destination, gross\/net weight, UN 3481 marking if batteries contained in equipment, handling symbols<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Container loading<\/td>\n 20GP or 40HQ; verify lithium battery stowage segregation from reactive materials<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Request photos of pilot packing before mass shipment. A shifted battery pack in transit can crush the PCB, rendering the kit a warranty claim before installation.<\/p>\n
Checklist After Delivery<\/h3>\n
12. Commission and schedule the first annual test<\/strong><\/p>\n
- Inverter output window<\/strong>: DC voltage range and mA capability against the host fixture’s LED string voltage; a mismatch requires a different driver or a custom resistor dissipating energy as heat<\/li>\n
- Battery traceability<\/strong>: Cell manufacturer, model, UN 38.3 status, and whether the supplier assembles packs in-house or sources complete packs from a third party<\/li>\n
- Photometric data<\/strong> showing emergency lumen output at 1 hour, 2 hours, and end of rated duration. Lumen maintenance below 80% at end-of-discharge indicates undersized battery or excessive driver loss.<\/li>\n